(September 9, 1864-November 10, 1887)
Convicted of conspiracy for the murder of policemen during the Chicago Haymarket Riot of 1886
Committed suicide on the eve of his hanging at age 23

He was an anarchist.
He believed capitalists hastened his father's death.
He fled to Switzerland rather than join the German military.
He became a member of the International Carpenters and Joiners Union and was a vocal union agitator.
A sympathizer smuggled a dynamite cap into his jail cell the day before his execution, which he lit and stuck in his mouth.
The explosion blew half his face off but didn't kill him outright and he spent hours in agony before dying.

After his father was unjustly dismissed from his saw mill job, the family lived in poverty.
He emigrated to the U.S. to seek a better life but was embittered that labor practices were just as bad in his new homeland as in Germany.
He taught himself carpentry but was too poor to buy tools - having to pay his boss 75 cents a day for use of company property.
Though eight policemen died in the Haymarket Riot, he was not at the gathering, yet convicted along with seven others on the basis his anarchistic writings incited someone to throw a bomb.
Many scholars believe their convictions were one of the most blatant miscarriages of justice in U.S. history.
In June 1893 Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld declared all eight defendants innocent and pardoned the ones not executed.

Credit: Scar Tactics

http://aia.li/18534

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